1: The sixth treatise of this epistle, concerning the resurrection: and he useth a transition, or passing over from one matter to another, showing first that he bringeth no new thing, to the end that the Corinthians might understand that they had begun to swerve from the right course: and next that he goeth not about to entreat of a trifling matter, but of another chief point of the gospel, which if it be taken away, their faith must needs come to naught. And so at the length he beginneth this treatise at Christ's resurrection, which is the ground and foundation of ours, and confirmeth it first by the testimony of the scriptures and by the witness of the apostles, and of more then five hundred brethren, and last of all by his own. *: Galatians 1:11 a: In the profession whereof you continue yet. b: Which is very absurd, and cannot be, but that they that believe must reap the fruit of faith. *: Isaiah 53:5 1 Peter 2:24 *: Jonah 2:1 *: John 20:19 c: Of those twelve picked and chosen apostles, which were commonly called twelve, though Judas was put out of the number. d: Not at several times, but together and at one instant. *: Acts 9:5 2: He maintaineth by the way, the authority of his apostleship, which was requisite to be in a good credit among the Corinthians, that this epistle might be of force and weight amongst them. In the mean season he compareth himself in such sort after a certain other, that he maketh himself inferior to them all. *: Ephesians 3:8 *: Ephesians 3:7 3: The first argument to prove that there is a resurrection from the dead: Christ is risen again, therefore the dead shall rise again. 4: The second by an absurdity, if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is not Christ risen again. 5: The proof of that absurdity, by other absurdities: If Christ be not risen again, the preaching of the gospel is in vain, and the credit that you gave unto it, is vain, and we are liars. 6: He repeateth the same argument taken of an absurdity, purposing to show how faith is in vain, if the resurrection of Christ be taken away. 7: First, seeing death is the punishment of sin, in vain should we believe that our sins were forgiven us, if they remain, but they do remain, if Christ rose not from death. e: They are yet in their sins, which are not sanctified, nor have obtained remission of their sins. 8: Secondly, unless that this be certain that Christ rose again, all they which died in Christ are perished. So then what profit commeth of faith? 9: The third argument which is also taken from an absurdity: for unless there be another life, wherein such as trust and believe in Christ shall be blessed, they were the most miserable of all creatures, because in this life they are the most miserable. 10: A conclusion of the former argument: Therefore Christ is risen again. 11: he putteth the last conclusion for the first proposition of the argument that followeth. Christ is risen again: Therefore shall we the faithful (for of them he speaketh) rise again. Then followeth the first reason of this consequent: for Christ is set forth unto us to be considered of, not as a private man apart and by himself, but as the first fruits: And he that which was known to all men, to wit, that the whole heap is sanctified in the first fruits. *: Colossians 1:18 Revelation 1:5 f: He alludeth to the first fruits of corn, the offering whereof sanctified the rest of the fruits. 12: Another confirmation of the same consequent: for Christ is to be considered as opposite to Adam, that as from one man Adam, sin came over all, so from one man Christ, life commeth unto all: that is to say, that all the faithful, as they die, because by nature they were born of Adam, so because in Christ they are made the children of God by grace, they are quickened and restored to life by him. g: Shall rise by the virtue of Christ. 13: He doeth two things together: for he showeth that the resurrection is in such sort common to Christ with all his members, that notwithstanding he far passeth them, both in time (for he was the first that rose again from the dead) and also in honour, because that from him and in him is all our life and glory. Then by this occasion he passeth to the next argument. *: 1 Thessalonians 4:13 14: The fourth argument wherewith also he confirmeth the other, hath a most sure ground, to wit, because that God must reign. And this is the manner of his reign, that the Father will be showed it be King in his son who was made man, to whom all things are made subject (the promiser only excepted) to the end that the Father may triumph in his son the conqueror. And he maketh two parts of this reign and dominion of the Son wherein the Father's glory consisteth: to wit, the overcoming of his enemies (whereof some must be deprived of all power, as Satan and all the wicked, be they never so proud and mighty, and other must be abolished, as death) and a plain and full delivery of the godly from all enemies, that by this means God may fully set forth the body of the Church cleaving fast unto their head Christ, his kingdom and glory, as a king in his subjects. Moreover he putteth the first degree of his kingdom in the resurrection of the son, who is the head: and the perfection, in the full conjunction of the members with the head, which shall be in the latter day. Now all these tend to this purpose, to show that unless the dead do rise again, neither should the power of Satan and death be overcome, not the glory of God be full in his son, not his son's in his members. h: The shutting up and punishing of all things. i: All his enemies which shall be spoiled of all the power they have. *: Psalms 110:1 Acts 2:34 Hebrews 1:13 and 10:13 j: Christ is considered here, as he appeared in the form of a servant, in which respect he ruleth the Church as head, and that because this power was given him of his father. k: The shutting up of the argument, which is taken from the whole to the part: for if all his enemies shall be put under his feet, then must it needs be that death also shall be subdued under him. *: Psalms 8:6 Hebrews 2:8 l: Not because the Son was not subject to his Father before, but because his body, that is to say, the church which is here in distress, and not yet fully perfect, and also because the bodies of the saints which be in the graves, shall not be glorified until the resurrection: but Christ as he is together with us. Augustine book 1 chapter 8 of the trinity. m: By this high kind of speech, is set forth an incomprehensible glory which floweth from God, and shall fill all of us, as we are joined together with our head, but yet so, that our head shall always reserve his pre-eminence. 15: The sixth argument taken of the end of Baptism, to wit, because that they which are baptized, are baptized for dead: that is to say, that they may have a remedy against death, because that baptism is a seal. n: They that are baptised to this end and purpose, that death may be put our in them, or to rise again from the dead, whereof baptism is a seal. 16: The sixth argument: Unless there be a resurrection of the dead, why should the apostles so daily cast themselves into danger of so many deaths? o: As though he said, I die daily, as all the miseries I suffer can well witness, which I may truly boast of that I have suffered amongst you. 17: The taking away of an objection: But thou Paul dist ambitiously, as commonly men are wont to do, when thou dist fight with beasts at Ephesus: that is very like, saith Paul: for what could that advantage me, were it not for the glory of eternal life which I hope for? p: Not upon any godly motion, nor casting mine eyes upon God, but carried away with vain glory, or a certain headiness. *: Isaiah 22:13 18: The seventh argument which dependeth upon the last: If there be no resurrection of the dead, why do we give ourselves to anything else, save to eating and drinking? q: These are speeches that Epicures use. 19: The conclusion with a sharp exhortation, that they take heed of the naughty company of certain: from whence he showeth that this mischief sprang: warning them to be wise with sobriety unto righteousness. 20: Now that he hath proved the resurrection, he discovereth their doltishness, in that they scoffingly demanded, how it could be that the dead could rise again, an if they did rise again, they asked mockingly, what manner of bodies they should have. Therefore he sendeth these fellows, which seemed to themselves to be marvellous wise and witty, to be instructed of poor rude husbandmen. 21: Thou mightest have learned either of these, saith Paul, by daily experiences for seeds are sown, and rot, and yet notwithstanding so far it is off that they perish, that contrariwise they grow up far more beautiful: and whereas they are sown naked and dry, they spring up green from death by the virtue of God: and doth it seem incredible to thee that our bodies should rise from corruption, and that endued with a far more excellent quality? 22: We see a diversity both in one and the selfsame thing, which hath now one form and then another, and yet keepeth its own kind: as it is evident in a grain which is sown bare, but springeth up far after another sort: and also in diverse kinds of one selfsame sort, as amongst beasts: and also among other things of diverse sorts, as the heavenly bodies and the earthly bodies: which also differ very much one from another. Therefore there is no cause thy we should reject either the resurrection of the bodies, of the changing of them into a better state, as a thing impossible, or strange. 23: He maketh three manner of qualities of the bodies being raised: Incorruption, to wit, because they shall be sound and altogether of a nature that cannot be corrupted: Glory, because they shall be adorned with beauty and honour: Power, because they shall continue everlasting, without meat, drink, and all other helps, without which this frail life cannot keep itself from corruption. r: Is buried, and man is hid as seed in the ground. s: Void of honour, void of glory and beauty. t: Freed from the former weakness, whereas it is subject to such alteration and change that it cannot maintain itself without meat, and drink, and such other like helps. 24: He showeth perfectly in one word this change of the quality of the body by the resurrection, when he saith, that of a natural body, it shall become a spiritual body: which two qualities being clean different the one from the other he straightway expoundeth, and setteth forth diligently. 25: That is called a natural body which is quickened and maintained by a living soul only such as Adam was, of whom all we are born naturally: and that is said to be spiritual, which together with the soul is quickened with afar more excellent virtue, to wit, with the Spirit of God, which descendeth from Christ the second Adam into us. u: Adam is called the first man: because he is the root as it were from whence we spring, and Christ is the latter man: because he is the beginning of all then that are spiritual, and in him we are all comprehended. *: Genesis 2:7 v: Christ is called a Spirit, by reason of that most excellent nature, that is to say, God who dwelleth in him bodily, as Adam is called a living soul, by reason of the soul which is the best part in him. 26: Secondly he willeth the order of this double state or quality to be observed, that the natural was first, Adam being created of the clay of the earth: and the spiritual followeth and came upon it, to wit, when as the lord being sent from heaven, endued our flesh, which was prepared and made fit for him, with the fullness of the Godhead. w: Wallowing in dirt, and wholly given to an earthly nature. x: The Lord is said to come down from heaven by that kind of speech, whereby that which is proper to one is vouched of another. 27: He applieth both the earthly naturalness of Adam (if I may say so) to our bodies, so long as they are naturally conversant upon earth, to wit, in this life, and in the grave: and also the spirituality of Christ to the same in our bodies, after that they are risen again: and he saith that that goeth before, and this shall follow. y: Not a vain and false image, but such an one as had the truth with it in deed. 28: The conclusion: We cannot be partakers of the glory of God unless we put off all that gross and filthy nature of our bodies subject to corruption, that the same body may be adorned with incorruptible glory. z: Flesh and blood are taken here for the living body, which cannot attain to incorruption, unless it put off corruption. 29: He goeth further, declaring that it shall come to pass that they which shall be found alive in the latter day, shall not descend into that corruption of the grave, but shall be renewed with a sudden change, which change is very requisite: and that the certain enjoining of the benefit and victory of Christ, is deferred unto that latter time. a: A thing that hath been hid, and never known hitherto, and therefore worthy that you give good ear unto it. b: He showeth that the time shall be very short. *: Matthew 24:31 1 Thessalonians 4:16 *: Hosea 13:14 Hebrews 2:14 *: 1 John 5:5 30: An exhortation taken of the profit that ensueth, that seeing they understand that the glory of the other life is laid up for faithful workmen, they continue and stand fast in the truth of the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead. c: Through the Lord's help and goodness working in us. |
Chapter 151. The gospel that Paul preached. 3. The death and resurrection of Christ. 8. Paul saw Christ. 9. He had persecuted that Church, whereof afterward he was made a minister. 12. Christ first rose again, and we all shall rise by him. 26. The last enemy, death. 29. to be baptized for dead. 32. At Ephesus Paul fought with beasts. 35. How the dead are raised. 45. The first Adam. The last Adam. 47. The first and second man. 51. We shall all be changed, we shall not all sleep. 55. Death's sting, 57. victory. 58. Constancy and steadfastness. Moreover 1* brethren, I
declare unto you the gospel, which I preached unto you, which ye have
also received, and wherein ye a continue,
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